P3D Re: Origins of Pan Film

[Ray Zone <r3dzone@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>]

Regarding dates of origin of panchromatic film:

>From the book "A Half Century of Color" by Louis Walton Sipley (MacMillan
Co., New York, 1951):

"Professor J. Joly of Dublin and James W. McDonough of Chicago during the
period from 1894 to 1897 worked out methods of ruling glass plates with
red, green and blue lines which when used in conjunction with panchromatic
plates produced negatives comprised of three color parts."

>From the book "Moving Pictures, How They are Made and Worked" by Frederick
Talbot (J.B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, 1912):

"Consequently, before colour-cinematography could advance beyond the year
1899--when the first patent was filed by Greene--the chemist had to be
called in once more to accomplish a miracle and make possible the dreams of
inventors.  The sensitised emulsion had to be speeded up to such a degree
that it was sensitive even to red light.  By this means the film is made
'panchromatic,' as it is called; that is to say, it becomes so sensitive
that it will permit an exposure to be made as rapidly through the red as
through the green screen.  But 'panchromatism'  brought its own drawbacks.
The film could no longer be handled in the dark-room illumined with a ruby
lamp, for fear of becoming fogged."

>From the book "Photography" by C.E. Kenneth Mees, Director of Research and
Development at the Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New York (MacMillan
Co., New York, 1937):

"In 1904, however, the Hoechst Dye Works introduced a series of cyanine
dyes which made it possible to prepare PANCHROMATIC materials free from fog
and having a reasonably good life.  Panchromatic plates were introduced
first on the English market and were used chiefly by commercial
photographers to obtain correct color rendering and the rendering of color
contrasts.  The general use of panchromatic materials remained somewhat in
abeyance until 1927, at which time the general introduction of panchromatic
film for motion-picture work coincided with the adoption in the studios of
tungsten lamps in the place of the previous arc lamps, and panchromatic
film displaced the older type of material almost entirely for
motion-picture photography."


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